The surprisingly complicated science of perfect curling ice in Wisconsin

As the sun rises over Wausau, Wisconsin, and the frost clings to the ground, a small group of dedicated individuals begins their daily ritual at the Wausau Curling Club. Among them is Pete Susens, a retired teacher and hockey coach, who has taken on the meticulous task of maintaining the club's curling ice. For Susens and his fellow ice maker, Dale Gerlach, the process of creating the perfect curling surface is not just about frozen water; it is a science that requires precision, patience, and an eye for detail.

What Happened

Curling, often referred to as the "roaring game," has been a cherished winter tradition in Wausau for over a century. However, the real magic lies beneath the surface—specifically, the ice on which the curling stones glide. Susens explains that a fraction of a degree in temperature can drastically affect a game, and even the smallest piece of debris can turn a well-placed stone into an unfortunate miss. "A human hair can wreck a shot," he notes, underscoring the importance of cleanliness and precision.

Creating the ideal curling surface involves a careful balance of factors. Susens aims to maintain ice temperatures between 23 and 24.5 degrees Fahrenheit, air temperatures between 40 and 45 degrees, and humidity levels between 30 and 40 percent. He emphasizes that even the water used to create the pebble—the tiny frozen droplets that allow stones to glide—must be meticulously filtered and treated. It is a labor-intensive process that requires daily maintenance and a commitment to excellence.

While many might assume that curling ice is simply a flat, glassy surface, Susens clarifies that it is, in fact, covered in tiny bumps. "We want to make sure that the rock slides down the ice perfectly. And in order to do that, it has to ride on the little bumps, the pebbles that we make in the ice," he explains. This unique texture is crucial for the sport, allowing players to control the stone's trajectory with precision.

The Science of Curling Ice

The science behind curling ice has been a topic of debate among researchers for decades. Some theories suggest that microscopic scratches left by the stone play a significant role in how it curves across the ice, while others focus on the changes in friction as the granite travels over individual ice pebbles. Despite the complexities, Susens remains focused on the practical aspects of ice maintenance.

His journey into the world of curling ice began after a long career in hockey. After retiring from teaching and coaching, Susens and his wife took up curling, and he quickly became involved with the ice crew. Inspired by the meticulous work of national ice technicians, he adopted a philosophy of continuous improvement. "However good the ice becomes, it can always be better," he reflects, echoing the sentiments of many in the curling community.

Susens recalls the invaluable lessons he learned while observing USA Curling's national ice master during the club's hosting of national championships in 2021. The attention to detail and the relentless pursuit of perfection left a lasting impression on him. "The ice was really good, but they have a drive that they want the perfect ice," he says, highlighting the commitment shared by ice makers everywhere.

The Role of Community

At its core, curling is more than just a sport; it is a community activity that fosters relationships and camaraderie among its participants. The Wausau Curling Club serves as a gathering place for families and friends, where they can bond over the shared experience of the game. The club's members often express their appreciation for the quality of the ice, which enhances their enjoyment of the sport.

Susens describes the satisfaction that comes from a job well done. "The best compliment is when there are no complaints," he says, indicating that the success of the ice-making crew is measured not just in technical terms but also in the happiness of the curlers. The club's commitment to maintaining high standards has made it a favorite among local curlers and visitors alike.

For many in the community, curling is a winter tradition that brings people together. Families often spend weekends at the curling club, cheering on their loved ones and participating in friendly competitions. This sense of belonging and shared purpose strengthens the bonds within the community, making it a cherished part of life in Wausau.

The club also plays a vital role in local events, hosting tournaments that draw competitors from across the state. These events not only showcase the skills of the curlers but also bolster local businesses as visitors flock to Wausau for the competitions. Restaurants, hotels, and shops benefit from the influx of curling enthusiasts, underscoring the sport's economic impact on the community.

Local Heroes

Individuals like Susens and Gerlach are not just ice makers; they are local heroes in the curling community. Their dedication to the sport reflects a broader commitment to fostering a love for curling among younger generations. The club offers youth programs that introduce kids to the sport, teaching them the fundamentals of curling while emphasizing teamwork and sportsmanship. This initiative is crucial for ensuring the longevity of curling in Wausau, as it instills a sense of pride and tradition in the younger players.

Moreover, the club often collaborates with local schools to promote curling as part of physical education programs. This outreach helps to cultivate a new generation of curlers, ensuring that the sport continues to thrive in the region. Susens believes that by engaging youth in curling, they are not just creating future competitors but also fostering lifelong friendships and community ties.

What's Next

Looking ahead, Susens and Gerlach are committed to enhancing the quality of curling ice even further. They are continually exploring new techniques and methods to improve their craft. With advancements in technology and a growing understanding of the science behind curling, there is potential for even greater precision in ice-making.

As the curling season progresses, the ice crew will continue to fine-tune their approach, ensuring that each game is played on a surface that meets the highest standards. The dedication of individuals like Susens and Gerlach is vital to preserving the integrity of the sport and fostering a love for curling among future generations.

For those interested in learning more about curling or getting involved, the Wausau Curling Club offers programs for all skill levels. From beginners to seasoned players, there is an opportunity for everyone to experience the joy of the sport. The club's commitment to community engagement ensures that curling remains a vibrant part of Wausau's winter culture.

In a world where many activities can feel disconnected, curling stands out as a sport that emphasizes teamwork, strategy, and respect for tradition. As the ice makers continue their work, they play a crucial role in preserving the spirit of curling and fostering a sense of belonging within the community. As the ice glistens under the lights of the Wausau Curling Club, the commitment of those behind the scenes ensures that the roaring game will continue to thrive for years to come.